Fig. 4

Yellow pine predicted snag persistence once a tree dies from wildfire (1 = standing; 0 = downed or <3.65 m tall) from covariate model when (a) unprotected by green conifers and (b) protected. Year to death = number of years trees survives a wildfire. CI = crown injury from fire. Fire-killed tree data were collected from five fires in California that were monitored for 10 years after death. In (b), CI = 75% lines overlap for the plotted values