Fig. 10

Haines Index values computed from radiosonde measurements for six stations at the study area at mid-latitudes in South America, from the Atlantic coast up to the Andes pre-mountain range, during 2016 (HI_R, in red) superimposed on the Haines Index values from the GPT2w model simulation (HI_GPT2w, in gray). Values are shown similar to a wind rose, where the HI values 2 through 6 correspond to the concentric circles, with 6 being the outermost circle, and the date of each observation corresponds to the direction of the red or gray lines, clockwise from January to December. Low-variant HI stations are shown in the left column and include stations in Ezeiza, Argentina; Galeao, Brazil; and Florianópolis, Brazil. Mid-variant HI stations are shown in the right column and include stations in Cordoba, Argentina; Campo Grande, Brazil; and Marte Civ/Mil, Brazil. Notice that Low-variant values never reach HI = 6