Fig. 4

Adult activity in relation to year (a), site disturbance type (b), tree size class (c), and burn severity (d), shown for two families of woodboring beetles on sites in the greater Sierra Nevada region of California, USA, sampled during the summers of 2015 and 2016. In (d), data from unburned, bark beetle outbreak (BBO) sites are compared with data from sites that burned at low, moderate, or high severity according to RdNBR classifications. Point estimates and error bars represent mean responses and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from fits to models exemplified in Tables 9, 10, 11. Dashed lines connect means that do not differ significantly. Response variables are defined in Table 4 and predictor variables are defined in Table 5