Table 4 Comparison of measured fire effects at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, USA (2016 to 2018), with First Order Fire Effects Model predictions. For the purposes of comparison, topkill is equated with mortality as predicted in the model. n/a = no tree mortality was observed in the unit. DBH = diameter at breast height, FOFEM = First Order Fire Effects Model, UWTT = Upper Weir Trenches unit T, UWTB = Upper Weir Trenches unit B, HLD01 = Holden Woods unit 1, HLD02 = Holden Woods unit 2