Fig. 3

Predictions from models of flame properties for experimental managed burns on Calluna-dominated moorland in Scotland between spring 2006 and autumn 2009. The figure shows: (a) flame length as a function of fireline intensity (I; kW m⁻¹); (b) flame height as a function of fireline intensity divided by wind speed (U; m s⁻¹); (c) the tangent of flame angle based on Albini’s (1981) proposed model; and (d) the tangent of flame angle (α) based on the model form proposed by Taylor (1961). In all figures, the solid black line represents values predicted by the models in Table 1; other lines report model fits proposed by previous researchers: red = Byram (1959); blue = Thomas (1963); purple = Nelson and Adkins (1986); orange = Fernandes et al. (2000); gray = Albini (1981). Circles represent observed values