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Table 2 Permutation ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test results for treatment–severity interactions between surface covers measured after the 2007 Egley Fire Complex, eastern Oregon, USA, in 2008 and 2016. Treat = treatment (two factors: treated or untreated), Sev = severity (two factors: low or high), T = treated, U = untreated, F = F-statistic, boldface denotes significance at the 95% confidence level, and dashes (-) indicate no significant difference. Degrees of freedom for all permutation ANOVA tests were 1 for each predictor variable. Letters denote significant Tukey multiple comparisons (Tukey’s honestly statistical difference [HSD]) between treatment and severity groups

From: Short- and long-term effects of ponderosa pine fuel treatments intersected by the Egley Fire Complex, Oregon, USA

 

Permutation ANOVA

Tukey multiple comparisons

Predictor variables

2008

2016

Groups

2008

2016

F

P

F

P

Mean ± SE

Tukey HSD

Mean ± SE

Tukey HSD

Shrub cover (%)

Treat

1.6

0.215

8.0

0.006

T-low

0.9 (0.4)

–

5.8 (1.6)

b

Sev

3.3

0.074

10.9

0.002

T-high

0.0 (0.0)

–

19.1 (8.6)

a

Treat:Sev

0.6

0.445

1.6

0.216

U-low

2.6 (1.8)

–

1.2 (0.5)

b

     

U-high

0.4 (0.2)

–

7.2 (2.1)

ab

Graminoid cover (%)

Treat

0.5

0.500

0.2

0.634

T-low

5.7 (1.3)

–

13.2 (1.2)

b

Sev

3.1

0.085

4.0

0.049

T-high

0.2 (0.2)

-

12.2 (1.5)

b

Treat:Sev

1.2

0.282

6.4

0.014

U-low

4.9 (1.8)

–

9.1 (1.3)

b

     

U-high

3.6 (1.3)

–

18.1 (1.6)

a

Forb cover (%)

Treat

0.2

0.624

1.5

0.223

T-low

8.7 (1.6)

–

11.0 (1.1)

ab

Sev

2.0

0.161

4.3

0.043

T-high

2.2 (0.9)

–

12.4 (2.4)

ab

Treat:Sev

1.0

0.313

1.5

0.230

U-low

7.3 (3.4)

–

6.8 (1.2)

a

     

U-high

6.2 (1.7)

–

12.4 (1.2)

b

Invasive species cover (%)

Treat

0.4

0.51

0.2

0.672

T-low

0.0 (0.0)

–

1.2 (0.4)

a

Sev

0.4

0.51

9.6

0.003

T-high

0.0 (0.0)

–

4.7 (2.5)

ab

Treat:Sev

0.4

0.51

0.0

0.996

U-low

0.0 (0.0)

–

0.7 (0.5)

ab

     

U-high

0.3 (0.3)

–

4.2 (1.1)

b

Moss–lichen–fungi cover (%)

Treat

0.0

0.874

2.3

0.135

T-low

2.5 (1.7)

–

2.2 (0.3)

-

Sev

1.0

0.315

4.0

0.049

T-high

0.2 (0.2)

–

1.7 (0.4)

-

Treat:Sev

0.0

0.892

1.1

0.297

U-low

2.5 (1.8)

–

3.7 (1.0)

-

     

U-high

0.8 (0.4)

–

1.9 (0.3)

-