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Table 1 Description of the three sample sites where data was collected during the 2017 and 2018 field seasons in southwest Montana, USA, to examine whitebark pine encroachment into sagebrush grasslands. Mature trees are those trees above 10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) while saplings are below 10 cm DBH and seedlings are below 1.37 m tall. BA is basal area of all tree species and DD is decimal degrees. All tree density values are trees per hectare. No regeneration of whitebark pine or any other conifer species occurred in the upslope subalpine meadows. No other species were found in the non-forest areas, except for five Douglas-fir trees at the Harkness sagebrush site

From: Whitebark pine encroachment into lower-elevation sagebrush grasslands in southwest Montana, USA

 

Sample sites

Harkness

Morrison

Jeff Davis

Latitude (DD)

44.88536

44.62069

44.87296

Longitude (DD)

−113.098

−113.044

−113.149

Elevation (m)

2503

2659

2658

Aspect (azimuths)

142

84

290

Slope (%)

13

14

13

Rainfall (cm)

64

65

65

Live mature BA (m2 ha−1)

17.6

25.6

14.3

Dead mature BA (m2 ha−1)

2.3

0.6

20.6

Area belt transect (m2)

14 865

28 800

2555

Whitebark pine tree density (trees ha−1) in mature seed-source stand

 Mature trees

440

389

716

 Saplings

263

289

1005

 Seedlings

2119

0

3927

Other conifer tree density (trees ha−1) in mature seed-source stand

 Mature trees

4

12

25

 Saplings

78

6

6

 Seedlings

124

0

2245

Whitebark pine tree density (trees ha−1) in sagebrush grasslands

 Mature trees

112

10

31

 Saplings

148

49

516

 Seedlings

41

11

246