Fig. 4
From: Fire and land cover change in the Palouse Prairie–forest ecotone, Washington and Idaho, USA
(A) Scattered ponderosa pine trees in pine savanna adjacent to the Palouse Prairie today. (B) Plant communities were dominated by dense bunchgrasses mixed with some forbs and shrubs as in this 2018 picture of remnant prairie vegetation in Kamiak Butte County Park, Whitman County, Washington, USA. Grass would have carried fires through both the Palouse Prairie and the pine savanna. (C) One of the old fire-scarred ponderosa pine stumps that we sampled to reconstruct fire history. (D) The rolling hills of the Palouse Prairie are now dominated by intensive agriculture with fields of wheat and legumes separated by roads. Adjacent forests are dense mixed-conifer forests. There are few remnants of the once extensive Palouse Prairie and pine savanna. Photographs taken by: (A) Penelope Morgan in 2018, (B) Stephen Bunting in 2018, (C) Max Nielsen-Pincus in 2008, and (D) James Riser in 2017. Photos (A), (B), and (D) are from locations in Whitman County, Washington. Photo (C) is from a location in Latah County, Idaho, USA, in 2008