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Fire Ecology
Fig. 5 | Fire Ecology

Fig. 5

From: Litter to glitter: promoting herbaceous groundcover and diversity in mid-southern USA oak forests using canopy disturbance and fire

Fig. 5

Woody, litter, debris, and bare groundcover during (2008 to 2016) oak woodland and savanna restoration experiments at three sites located across the Mid-South: Catoosa Wildlife Management Area (Tennessee, USA), Green River Game Lands (North Carolina, USA), and Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area (Tennessee, USA). Treatments included unmanaged oak forests, burn only in spring or fall, and savanna (7 m2 ha−1) or woodland (14 m2 ha−1) residual basal area paired with spring or fall fire. Please consult Table 2 for significant (α = 0.05) ANCOVA and ANOVA effects, and Table 3 for end-result (2016) contrasts. Error bars represent ±1 standard error of the mean

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