Fig. 4

Hardwood species distribution in Yosemite National Park, California, USA (1991 to 2017), in relation to annual evapotranspiration (AET) and climatic water deficit (Deficit) are shown for the 177 plots where hardwoods were present and the 384 plots where they were absent. The solid line is the reduced major axis regression that identifies the primary AET–Deficit gradient along which survey plots tended to occur. Means for each hardwood species are shown as triangles. Species symbols for hardwoods are listed in Table 2