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Table 1 Correlation matrix of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) factors and original pine and oak litter flammability metrics measured during laboratory burning experiments at Humboldt State University Wildland Fire Laboratory, Arcata, California, USA, in July 2017. Factor 1 = PCA factor composed primarily of flame height, smolder time, and consumption. Factor 2 = PCA factor composed primarily of flame time

From: Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture

 

Flame height

Flame time

Smolder time

Consumption

Factor 1

Factor 2

Flame height

      

Flame time

−0.23

     

Smolder time

0.41

−0.16

    

Consumption

0.85

−0.03

0.50

   

Factor 1

0.90

−0.34

0.82

0.88

  

Factor 2

0.22

0.92

−0.16

0.28

0.00