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Fire Ecology
Fig. 3 | Fire Ecology

Fig. 3

From: Understory community shifts in response to repeated fire and fire surrogate treatments in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA

Fig. 3

Results from the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination showing similarity among understory vegetation community responses to four treatments (control = C, burned four times = B, mechanical removal two times of stems <10 cm dbh = M, and combination of M and B = MB) in Green River Game Land, North Carolina, USA, indicated by overlapping polygons. Data from 2016 were used in this study (2001 to 2016) of plant community change in response to fuel treatments. Trees (stars), shrubs (triangles), and herbaceous vegetation (dots) also showed little variability in ordination space, suggesting similarities in responses to treatments after 15 years. Species codes are derived from the first four letters of the genus and the first three of the specific epithet. (See Additional file 1 for species codes.) Species that occurred in less than 5% of all plots were excluded from the analysis

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