Fig. 5
From: A review of fire effects across South American ecosystems: the role of climate and time since fire
Weighted-mean effect sizes and 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals of fire on abundance from studies published between 1990 and 2019 that were used in the review of fire effects across South American ecosystems to determine the role of climate and time since fire. The effect sizes of early (-early) and late (-late) post-fire time for abundance of (A) plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates; and (B) grasses, shrubs, and trees. (C) The effect sizes of shrubs, trees, invertebrates, and vertebrates across different climate types (-dry, -semiarid, -humid-warm). Parameters with confidence intervals that do not overlap the vertical dotted line (Hedge’s d = 0) are considered to have a significant positive or negative effect. Sample sizes for each category are shown in parentheses. The size of each black dot is proportional to its weight or contribution to the overall mean calculation. None of the effect sizes of the groups within each moderator variable are significantly different (see Additional file 3: Table 3.2 for heterogeneity tests)