Contradictions and continuities: a historical context to Euro-American settlement era fires of the Lake States, USA

Fire Ecology

Table 3 Summary of regression models analyzing temporal trends in fire activity for 25 different sites using a decadal fire index (DFI, mean number of fire scars per recording tree, per decade)

	# Samples	# Fires	Time period	# decades	R ²	Trend	P-value
Northwest Sands
Totogatic River	27	206	1710–1949	25	0.211	-	0.024
Inch Lake	34	1278	1660–1929	27	0.067	0	0.193
Lampson Pines	14	96	1740–1959	22	0.060	0	0.274
Sand Lake	29	270	1730–1889	16	0.211	0	0.074
Central Sands
Bruce Mound	59	219	1680–1939	26	0.035	0	0.363
Wildcat Ridge	49	216	1770–1888	12	0.813	-	< 0.001
Stoney Bluff	20	118	1700–1939	23*		0	0.320
Quincy Bluff	23	180	1850–1930	29	0.011	0	0.585
Wisconsin Dells	28	225	1680–1924	25	0.226	-	0.016
Blufflands and Coulees
Pine Bluff	17	168	1680–1899		0.325	-	0.006
Northern Highlands
Catherdral Point	24	60	1790–1909	12	0.464	-	0.015
Frog Lake	14	53	1830–1949	12	0.568	-	0.005
Squirrel River	16	48	1740–1919	18	0.002	0	0.867
Finnerud Pines	39	147	1690–1909	22	0.019	0	0.540
Buckatabon	15	45	1690–1919		0.032	0	0.418
Northeast Sands
Camp Bird	17	141	1760–1929	17	0.000	0	0.939
Wolf Lane	16	109	1810–1929	12	0.172	0	0.181
Tar Dam Road	25	151	1710–1859	15	0.336	-	0.024
Keweenaw-Baraga Moraines
Bears Den	13	40	1720–1909	19	0.001	0	0.908
Pine Bluff Trail	11	42	1650–1929	28	0.019	0	0.481
Grand Marais Lakeshore
Betchler Lake	62	190	1540–1959	42	0.041	0	0.200
Bay View	15	67	1770–1939	17	0.015	0	0.643
Highway 13	15	73	1570–1910	35	0.032	0	0.302
Corner Lake	20	60	1699–1949	26	0.001	0	0.867
Seney-Tahquamenon Sand Plain
Ramsey Lake	41	133	1630–1939	31	0.035	0	0.316