Fig. 3.

A Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) remnants (circled, and in foreground) are abundant in the studied landscape, though the modern forest is nearly entirely comprised of hardwood tree species (e.g., Quercus montana Willd., Q. rubra L., Acer rubrum L.). Multiple red pine remnants exhibiting evidence of historical turpentine collecting practices (i.e., “box cuts”) were observed in the study area (e.g., foreground, tree-ring record of 1755–1905). B Small (e.g., 0.5–5.0 ha), nearly pure, stands of red pine are scattered throughout the hardwood-dominated forest on west-facing slopes