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Table 2 Fire frequency, scarring synchrony, seasonality, and tree establishment information for different cultural time periods. Statistics are provided for the entire period of record prior to 1915 and four sub-periods

From: Pre-Columbian red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) fire regimes of north-central Pennsylvania, USA

Time period

1370–1914

1370–1608

1609–1700

1701–1784

1785–1914

Fire-regime statistics

 Fire years (n)

147

30

23

24

70

 MFIa (years)

2.9

4.1

4.2

3.5

1.9

 Rangea (years)

1–19

1–19

1–15

1–10

1–8

 WFIa (years)

2.6

3.3

3.7

3.2

1.7

 LEI/UEIa (years)

0.7/5.6

0.9/8.0

1.2/7.6

1.2/6.1

0.6/3.3

 Tree MFIb (n)

22.1 (199)

32.4 (26)

24.8 (104)

15.9 (49)

10.2 (20)

 Scarreda (%)

10.9

17.8

5.5

7.9

11.0

 Establishment (n)

267

38

150

52

27

Fire scar seasonality

 Scars (n)

1265

46

145

357

717

 U (%)

40.8

50.0

48.3

40.6

38.8

 D (%)

55.8

39.1

51.7

54.1

58.4

 E (%)

1.3

6.5

0

1.40

1.3

 M (%)

0.7

2.2

0

0.8

0.7

 L (%)

0.9

2.2

0

2.80

0

 A (%)

0.5

0

0

0

0.8

 GSFY (%)

11.6

10.0

0

16.7

14.3

  1. Fire years, number of unique fire years; MFI, mean fire interval; Range, range of fire interval length; WFI, Weibull median interval; LEI/UEI, lower/upper exceedance interval; Tree MFI, mean fire interval based on individual tree fire-scar chronologies, included in individual time periods based on pith year; Scarred, mean percentage of trees scarred during fire events (scarring synchrony); Establishment, number trees entering record (based on pith years); Scars, total number of fire scars; seasonality codes based on position within the tree-ring: U, fire scars with undeterminable seasonality; D, dormant; E, early earlywood; M, middle earlywood; L, late earlywood; A, latewood; GSFY, fire year in which at least one growing season fire scar (not dormant or unidentified) was identified; acalculated for time period with at least three trees recording, b calculated only for trees with three or more fire scars