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Table 3 Abbreviated results from the generalized linear mixed model analyses that include fixed effects and two-way interactions of mountain pine beetle module type (none, empirical, mechanistic) (MPB), fire suppression level (FSL), fuel treatment effort (FTE), climate (CLI), and simulation output year (YEAR) (n = 200) (see Table 1 for factor details). Results are reported for all three landscapes (Fig. 1). The focus variables are basal area of pine species (BAP), percent of the landscape dominated by MPB host species (HOSTAREA), and percent of the landscape burned each year (PLBURN), while the explanatory variables are canopy bulk density (CBD), coarse woody debris (CWD), fine woody debris (FWD), basal area killed by MPB (BAMPB), and percent of the landscape in fire adapted species (PLFAS) (see Table 1). DF is degrees of freedom and values of each variable were output every 10 years for 400 years for five replications (n = 5 × 40 = 200). The p-value is reported for each response variable with numbers in bold indicating statistical significance (p < 0.05). NA indicates that fixed effect was not included to avoid overly dispersed models

From: Modeled interactions of mountain pine beetle and wildland fire under future climate and management scenarios for three western US landscapes

Factor

DF

BAP

Host area

PLBURN

BA

CBD

CWD

FWD

BAMPB

PLFAS

Ochoco (OCH)

 MPB

2

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.001

0.680

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 FSE

1

0.004

0.587

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 FTE

2

0.005

0.470

0.004

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.565

 < 0.001

0.014

0.021

 CLI

1

0.833

0.551

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.690

 < 0.001

 YEAR

40

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.847

0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 MPB*FSE

2

 < 0.001

0.185

 < 0.001

0.666

0.002

0.989

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 MPB*FTE

4

0.348

0.860

0.002

0.218

0.669

1.000

0.078

0.427

0.655

 MPB*CLI

2

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.293

0.008

0.879

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 FSE*FTE

2

0.581

0.866

0.015

0.032

0.559

0.981

0.008

0.096

0.673

 FSE*CLI

1

0.298

0.017

0.124

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.716

0.770

0.884

0.363

 FTE*CLI

2

0.048

0.860

0.209

0.909

0.111

0.971

0.852

0.182

0.727

Elkhorns (ELK)

 MPB

2

 < 0.001

0.899

0.940

 < 0.001

0.039

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.821

 FSE

1

0.930

0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 FTE

2

0.563

0.192

0.309

 < 0.001

0.040

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.572

0.120

 CLI

1

 < 0.001

0.534

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.157

 YEAR

40

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.017

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 MPB*FSE

2

0.048

0.788

0.763

0.307

0.445

0.048

0.004

0.015

0.704

 MPB*FTE

4

0.022

0.848

0.455

0.921

0.994

0.053

0.016

0.019

0.599

 MPB*CLI

2

 < 0.001

0.580

0.621

0.538

0.758

0.218

0.135

 < 0.001

0.551

 FSE*FTE

2

0.808

0.924

0.358

0.829

0.911

0.208

0.506

0.731

0.773

 FSE*CLI

1

0.187

0.616

0.009

0.047

0.059

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.853

0.597

 FTE*CLI

2

0.573

0.927

0.347

0.622

0.835

0.008

 < 0.001

0.469

0.861

Yellowstone Central Plateau (YCP)

 MPB

2

 < 0.001

0.043

0.496

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.019

0.163

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 FSE

1

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.033

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.534

 FTE

2

0.955

0.091

0.582

0.003

0.002

 < 0.001

0.001

0.811

0.206

 CLI

1

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 YEAR

40

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.223

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 MPB*FSE

2

0.738

0.663

0.773

0.016

0.003

0.264

0.075

0.538

 < 0.001

 MPB*FTE

4

0.999

0.441

0.768

0.709

0.929

0.774

0.730

0.811

0.998

 MPB*CLI

2

 < 0.001

0.681

0.327

0.044

0.695

0.070

0.896

0.681

 < 0.001

 FSE*FTE

2

0.970

0.957

0.841

0.755

0.875

0.070

0.600

0.932

0.901

 FSE*CLI

1

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.560

0.912

0.160

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.512

 FTE*CLI

2

0.957

0.897

0.988

0.466

0.331

0.768

0.381

0.942

0.632