Table 2 Estimated mean percent vegetation functional groups and ground cover, associated 95% confidence interval (CI) and Wald chi-square p-value for logging treatments: “no logging,” “bole only,” and “whole tree” and pine introduction treatments: “natural regeneration,” “broadcast seeding,” and “planted seedlings” at the Rogers Research Site, Northern Laramie Mountains, Wyoming, as measured in summer 2017

 Graminoids

17.7

14.6, 21.4

21.3

17.6, 25.8

18.8

15.6, 22.8

0.83

16.0

13.2, 19.4

20.4

16.9, 24.7

21.7

17.9, 26.3

0.34

 Forbs

19.6

15.1, 25.4

22.4

17.4, 29

19.4

14.9, 25.1

0.67

18.6

14.3, 24.2

19.4

14.9, 25.2

23.5

18.2, 30.4

0.90

 Shrubs

21.6

14.3, 32.7

14.1

9.2, 21.7

19

12.5, 28.9

0.47

18.9

12.4, 28.8

18.5

12.2, 28.2

16.5

10.8, 25.2

0.87

 Invasives

2.7

1.1, 6.6

3.7

1.5, 9.1

2.9

1.2, 7.1

0.92

2.5

1.0, 6.3

3.2

1.3, 7.8

3.5

1.4, 8.7

0.74

 Mosses

4.0a

1.9, 8.1

1.3b

0.6, 2.8

0.9b

0.4, 2.2

<0.01

1.0

0.4, 2.4

2.1

1.0, 4.4

2.2

1.1, 4.8

0.07

 Bare ground

9.9a

7.7, 12.9

19.6b

15.3, 25.2

17.6b

13.7, 22.6

0.06

15.5

12, 20

17.5

13.6, 22.5

12.7

9.8, 16.5

0.98

 Litter

19.3

15.5, 24

20.9

16.9, 26

18.7

15, 23.2

0.52

20.4

16.4, 25.4

18.8

15.1, 23.4

19.6

15.8, 24.4

0.51

 Rock

28.2

20.9, 38

21.6

15.8, 29.5

21.1

15.4, 28.9

0.15

24.5

18.1, 33.3

24.6

18.1, 33.3

21.3

15.6, 29.1

0.45

 Woody

9.5

7.2, 12.4

11.1

8.6, 14.4

8.5

6.4, 11.3

0.03

9.4

7.2, 12.4

10.0

7.6, 13.1

9.6

7.3, 12.5

0.21