Expected effect by analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictor variable | Description (units) | Establishment | Density | Annual HG | Median (min.–max.) |
Fire | |||||
Distance to seed source | Distance (m) from the plot center to the nearest surviving conspecific conifer with evidence of seed cones (i.e., mature) | NT | –a,b | NT | 29 (0–260) |
Burn severity | Relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (unitless). Larger values indicate higher burn severity | NT | –a | + | 521 (−41–1167) |
Topography | |||||
HLI | Heat load index (unitless) from 0 (coolest) to 1 (warmest) | NT | –a,b | – | 0.66 (0.33–0.91) |
Transformed aspect | Beers transformed aspect (unitless) from 0 (warmer, drier aspects) to 2 (cooler, wetter aspects) | NT | +c | + | 0.64 (0–1.99) |
Climate | |||||
SPEI | Monthly, seasonal, or water year Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (unitless). Negative values indicate warmer, drier annual climate conditions, while positive values indicate cooler, wetter conditions | +d | NT | +/–d | NA |
Understory | |||||
Grass (%) | Cover of grass (%) | NT | –a | NT | 11 (0–88) |
Forbs (%) | Cover of forbs (%) | NT | +/–a | NT | 18 (0–73) |
Shrubs (%) | Cover of shrubs (%) | NT | +/–a,b | NT | 20 (0–65) |
Trees | |||||
Juvenile density | Density of post-fire seedlings and saplings (stems ha−a) | NT | NT | – | 4417 (17–100,500) |
Juvenile height | Height of seedlings and saplings (cm) | NT | NT | + | 240 (40–470) |
Management | |||||
Salvage logged | Salvage logged (22 plots) or not salvage logged (28 plots) | NT | +/–c | – | NA |