Fig. 2From: Causal impact of fire on a globally rare wetland plant: a 40-year Bayesian time series analysisDirected acyclic graph (DAG). Each node or black dot represents a variable considered as a causal factor in the study of fire and Oxypolis canbyi in Maryland, USA. The arrows represent possible causal effects and the direction. In this case, rainfall and temperature are considered confounders and make up the adjustment set. For more on terminology related to DAGs see Pearl 2009 and specifically applied to ecology see (Grace and Irvine 2020). Photo credit: Gabriel CahalanBack to article page