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Table 4 Fuel type classification supplied to the Dynamic Fuels System and BFOLDS LANDIS-II extensions for simulations in three central Siberian study landscapes for the period 2015–2099

From: Simulating dynamic fire regime and vegetation change in a warming Siberia

Surface fuel type

Description

Speciesa

Age range (years)

Fire intensity-mortality threshold (kW m−1)

Key literature

C-2

Young fire avoiders

ABSI, PIOB, PISI

0–40

400

(Alexander et al. 1991; Wirth 2005; Fryer 2014; Miquelajauregui et al. 2016)

C-2

Mature and old fire avoiders

ABSI, PIOB, PISI

41–280

1500

C-4

Young fire resisters

LASP, PISY

0–40

700

(Ivanova et al. 2020; Kukavskaya et al. 2014; McRae et al. 2005; Wirth 2005)

C-7

Mature and old fire resisters

LASP, PISY

41–300

5000

D-1

Young fire endurers

BESP, POTR

0–30

200

(Quintilo et al. 1991; Uchytil 1991; Howard, 1996)

D-1

Mature and old fire endurers

BESP, POTR

31–120

700

D-1

Shrub fire endurers

ALFR, BENA, SASP

0–120

400

(Quintilo et al. 1991; Tollefson 2007)

O-1a

Ground layer fire avoiders (wet-mesic)

Sphagnum moss

0–220

1000

(Kharuk et al. 2021; Kidnie et al. 2010; Volokitina et al., 2021)

O-1b

Ground layer fire endurers (dry-mesic)

Grass and herbs

0–200

100

  1. aSpecies acronyms: ABSI, Abies sibirica; ALFR, Alnus fruticosa; BENA, Betula nana; BESP, Betula tree spp.; LASP, Larix spp.; PIOB, Picea obovata; PISI, Pinus sibirica; PISY, Pinus sylvestris; POTR, Populus tremula