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Figure 3 | Fire Ecology

Figure 3

From: Smoke-Cued Emergence in Plant Species of Ponderosa Pine Forests: Contrasting Greenhouse and Field Results

Figure 3

Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination showing plant species composition (importance values) in control and aqueous smoke treated plots at nine sites in ponderosa pine forests 15 mo after treatment, northern Arizona. Results are presented separately for 10 m2 areas that were either (a) grazed or (b) ungrazed within each treatment plot. Successional vectors leading to each plot on the graph are standardized to a common origin to account for pre-treatment differences.

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