Table 4 Emergence after treatment with 10 % (vol/vol) aqueous smoke of 61 plant species native to ponderosa pine forests.

Smoke stimulated

— Emergence (%)^b —

− mg^c —

Artemisia ludoviciana

20±19

55±11

0.14

Erigeron speciosus

8±6

27±6

0.05

Penstemon barbatus

8±9

61±13

0.76

Penstemon pachyphyllus

3±4

30±8

1.76

Penstemon palmeri

41±6

81±10

0.86

Penstemon rostriflorus

3±6

23±3

0.42

Penstemon virgatus

19±9

61±6

0.86

Symphyotrichum falcatum

13±9

30±18

0.18

No significant smoke effect

Antennaria rosulata

42±29

69±5

0.04

Arabis fendleri

95±3

81±22

0.12

Arnica chamissonis

14±6

3±4

0.56

Asclepias tuberosa

55±29

38±7

5.30

Bahia dissecta

5±6

42±34

0.04

Castilleja integra

48±28

52±23

0.20

Chamerion angustifolium

14±9

11±8

0.04

Commelina dianthifolia

86±14

83±11

3.00

Elymus elymoides

88±11

90±7

5.60

Erigeron formosissimus

64±21

50±10

0.16

Eriogonum jamesii

50±14

42±11

2.68

Eriogonum racemosum

31±9

34±8

2.64

Erysimum capitatum

72±4

81±7

0.46

Festuca arizonica

79±14

67±7

1.24

Geranium caespitosum

31±13

31±11

6.90

Helianthella quinquenervis

56±14

71±15

7.38

Heliomeris multiflora

30±13

38±11

0.56

Heterotheca villosa

48±9

42±8

0.28

Hymenoxys bigelovii

39±3

45±11

1.96

Hymenoxys richardsonii

41±15

53±8

0.64

Ipomopsis aggregata

38±15

59±15

1.20

Linum lewisii

92±6

88±5

1.42

Lupinus argenteus

23±7

35±10

23.24

Machaeranthera canescens

50±13

45±14

0.42

Machaeranthera tanacetifolia

56±14

72±11

1.28

Muhlenbergia wrightii

52±8

63±14

0.03

Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri

14±16

30±8

0.68

Penstemon clutei

53±12

64±14

1.08

Penstemon rydbergii

20±20

20±11

0.12

Penstemon whippleanus

20±6

22±11

0.24

Pinus ponderosa

20±14

20±3

35.94

Pseudocymopterus montanus

63±22

58±12

2.08

Senecio spartioides

53±21

41±19

0.12

Thalictrum fendleri

42±11

64±11

3.20

Thlaspi montanum

56±22

84±6

0.52

Townsendia exscapa

13±10

28±11

1.76

Vicia americana

71±12

64±14

13.72

Emergence >1% <10%

Achnatherum hymenoides

5±6

0±0

3.50

Agoseris glauca

6±5

9±6

2.16

Allium cernuum

2±3

2±3

3.44

Allium geyeri

3±5

8±10

4.50

Anaphalis margaritacea

3±4

2±3

0.06

Calylophus hartwegii

2±3

3±4

0.54

Monardella odoratissima

3±4

6±5

0.84

Oxytropis lambertii

2±3

2±3

3.74

Potentilla crinita

5±6

6±5

0.50

Potentilla subviscosa

2±3

2±3

0.24

No emergence

Clematis hirsutissima

0±0

0±0

6.72

Iris missouriensis

0±0

0±0

18.48

Nicotiana attenuata

0±0

0±0

0.12

Sisyrinchium demissum

0±0

0±0

0.78