Table 3 Species composition as a percent of total basal area (m²ha⁻¹), and trees per hectare for stands in northern New Mexico under western spruce budworm pre-outbreak and outbreak conditions. Pre-out-break data shown using Forest Vegetation Simulator outputs from stands grown from stand inventory data to 2013. Outbreak stand values as reported in Polinko (2014) and calculated using 2013 outbreak stand data. Standard deviation shown in parentheses. Different letters indicate significant differences between pre-outbreak and outbreak stands using Wilcoxon rank sign test (α < 0.05); no letters indicate no significant differences between stands. ABLAA = Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica, PIEN = Picea engelmannii, POTR = Populous tremuloides, PSME = Pseudotsuga menziesii, JUSP = Juniperus spp., PIAR = Pinus aristata, PIFL = Pinus flexilis, ABCO = Abies concolor. ABCO, JUSP, PIAR, and PIFL were not included in statistical comparisons due to their presence in only <3 stands.

Pre-outbreak

48.92^a

38.99^a

4.25^a

8.19^a

0.0

0.11

0.0

0.0

(n = 6)

(6.2)

(9.5)

(7.9)

(10.9)

(0.0)

(0.1)

(0.0)

(0.0)

Outbreak

10.22^b

48.29^a

14.07^a

25.09^a

0.0

0.0

1.85

0.47

(n = 4)

(8.3)

(32.4)

(8.6)

(40.5)

(0.0)

(0.0)

(2.4)

(9.4)

Percent total live trees per hectare by species

Stand type

ABLAA

PIEN

POTR

PSME

JUSP

PIAR

PIFL

ABCO

Pre-outbreak

4.65^a

3.78^a

18.3^a

0.1^a

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

(n = 6)

(3.9)

(1.6)

(19.4)

(0.1)

(0.0)

(0.0)

(0.0)

(0.0)

Outbreak

42.02^a

48.02^a

33.53^b

7.56^a

50

25

0.0

37.5

(n = 4)

(38.4)

(34.9)

(16.1)

(9.2)

(57.7)

(50.0)

(0.0)

(47.9)