Table 5 Potential fire behavior and predicted canopy fuels for current (2013) conditions in northern New Mexico under western spruce budworm outbreak (outbreak) and non-outbreak (pre-outbreak) conditions, as modeled in the Fire and Fuels Effects-Forest Vegetation Simulator. Standard deviation shown in parentheses.
From: The Influence of Western Spruce Budworm on Fire in Spruce-Fir Forests
Potential fire behavior | ||
|---|---|---|
| Â | Pre-outbreak1 (n = 6) | Outbreak2 (n = 4) |
Mortality (% of basal area) | ||
   Moderate | 41.17 (5.7) | 36 (9.52) |
   Severe | 100.00 (0) | 48 (29.9) |
Flame length (m) | ||
   Moderate | 0.36 (0.01) | 0.43 (0.01) |
   Severe | 24.26 (1.14) | 5.51 (8.3) |
Indices (km hr −1) | ||
   Crowning | 15.44 (2.68) | 29.33 (4.84) |
   Torching | 65.05 (16.56) | 48.95 (27.6) |
Predicted canopy fuels | ||
   Canopy bulk density (kg m −3) | 0.25 (0.05) | 0.11 (0.02) |
   Canopy base height (m) | 1.23 (0.25) | 1.23 (0.58) |