Table 1 Shrub cover model estimates with standard error and P-value for the main effects and interaction (treatment by years since treatment). Different letters depict significant differences in shrub cover at α ≤ 0.05. Numbers depict marginal significant levels 0.05 ≤ α ≥ 0.10. Significance codes: *** <0.001, ** <0.01, * <0.05, <0.1. Estimates (Est), standard errors (± SE), and P-values (P) are rounded to the nearest one hundredth. P-value of *** implies P-value <0.001.

Main effect

Intercept

6.05±0.23

***

0.94±0.27

***

1.66±0.27

***

1.19±0.28

***

−0.65±0.27

0.02 *

0.61±0.27

0.03 *

Yr since treatment

0.6±0.18

***

1.84±0.14

***

1.5±0.13

***

1.67±0.13

***

1.55±0.14

***

1.6±0.13

0 ***

Control

A

Fire-fall

B

−5.11±0.31

***

Fire-winter

C

−4.39±0.3

***

0.73±0.34

0.03 *

Fire-spring

BC

−4.86±0.32

***

0.26±0.36

0.47

−0.47±0.36

0.19

Mastication-fall

D

−6.7±0.31

***

−1.59±0.35

***

−2.32±0.34

***

−1.85±0.35

***

Mastication-spring

BD

−5.44±0.29

***

−0.33±0.35

0.35

−1.06±0.35

***

−0.59±0.37

0.12

1.26±0.36

***

Slope

0.08±0.09

0.4

0.08±0.09

0.4

0.08±0.09

0.4

0.08±0.09

0.4

0.08±0.09

0.4

0.08±0.09

0.4

Solar radiation index

0.13±0.13

0.33

0.13±0.13

0.33

0.13±0.13

0.33

0.13±0.13

0.33

0.13±0.13

0.33

0.13±0.13

0.33

Treatment × yr since treatment

Control

A

Fire-fall

B1

1.24±0.22

***

Fire-winter

1C

0.9±0.22

***

−0.34±0.19

0.08

Fire-spring

BC

1.07±0.22

***

−0.17±0.19

0.36

0.17±0.18

0.36

Mastication-fall

BC

0.95±0.22

***

−0.29±0.2

0.15

0.05±0.19

0.79

−0.12±0.19

0.54

Mastication-spring

BC

1±0.22

***

−0.25±0.19

0.19

0.09±0.18

0.6

−0.07±0.18

0.69

0.04±0.19

0.82