Table 1 Shrub species list with an ecological description of each plant and its average cover with standard error by treatment type and its season of application, and years since treatment. Notably all species measured were native to California. The list includes endemism to California (CA) or chaparral (CH), and the plant’s response to fire whether an individual survives the fire by resprouting (SP), a population survives through seedlings (SD), or a combination of the two, or if it is unknown (UK). These calculations average across four experimental units for each treatment and its season of application that each have fifteen 15-meter transects for which shrub cover and composition were measured. The average cover can exceed 100 % because shrubs overlap one another. Nine, 10, and 11 years since treatments were merged into one year since treatment, 10. Asterisks (*) were used when standard errors could not be calculated because the species was only present once.

Treatment

Control

Growing seasons since treatment

0

Average ± SE

16±9

25±10

15±4

6±3

3±*

10±9

9±3

12±2

16±4

12±3

13±2

7±*

57±4

201

Fire fall

0

5±*

13±*

17±9

21±2

7±3

10±3

11±2

11±3

13±9

63±3

171

2

6±*

11±5

6±2

4±2

4±<1

7±5

1±<1

51±2

90

3

6±*

5±1

3±*

2±*

1±*

3±2

7±2

5±4

<1±<1

62±2

94

4

5±<1

10±*

2±<1

10±*

11±*

1±1

64±4

103

10

8±3

8±*

14±7

2±*

1±*

5±1

8±*

14±3

14±8

7±1

7±3

2±1

4±1

63±4

158

Fire spring

0

2±*

18±2

35±*

21±6

7±5

60±4

142

1

22±10

13±*

7±*

58±2

101

2

6±*

1±*

8±<1

11±6

10±*

15±3

11±5

49±4

110

3

24±6

13±*

15±*

67±3

119

4

5±*

24±7

13±*

37±1

3±2

1±<1

10±*

13±<1

68±2

174

10

9±4

35±*

24±9

29±*

7±5

8±*

6±2

14±9

7±*

14±5

15±5

50±5

218

Fire winter

0

3±*

1±*

4±1

9±2

4±*

5±1

19±3

25±6

17±11

17±5

55±4

159

1

2±*

10±*

2±<1

10±3

1±<1

5±2

29±12

20±4

54±2

133

2

5±1

6±2

7±3

4±*

1±*

1±1

5±2

70±6

10±2

14±11

18±6

54±3

196

3

3±*

1±*

5±2

10±2

1±*

6±1

1±1

62±3

89

4

3±<1

10±3

10±4

10±*

<1±*

4±2

38±11

10±4

4±*

1±<1

60±4

150

10

1±*

5±2

7±1

6±*

7±1

11±3

1±*

2±1

11±3

11±4

5±2

24±7

20±5

4±1

51±5

166

Mastication fall

0

4±*

14±2

9±5

13±3

13±2

61±4

112

1

6±5

5±<1

16±3

26

2

4±2

5±1

4±*

1±<1

1±<1

7±2

27±2

50

3

3±<1

5±2

14±9

3±1

1±1

8±3

36±2

71

10

23±*

6±2

4±*

3±*

1±*

10±*

1±*

9±3

8±2

7±3

5±3

8±4

<1±*

65±3

151

Mastication spring

0

10±*

13±12

15±*

19±3

16±5

20±5

8±3

14±2

3±2

55±4

172

1

10±4

6±*

21±3

37

2

8±3

10±3

5±3

2±*

6±1

5±4

7±7

34±3

76

3

17±6

8±*

<1±<1

5±*

1±<1

31±3

63

4

24±11

11±2

6±*

9±3

2±2

2±1

<1±*

1±*

3±1

1±<1

44±2

103

10

18±7

7±2

16±2

14±*

15±11

6±3

12±2

2±1

9±1

4±1

9±7

58±3

171