Figure 3

Simulations at 400 s after ignition for low wind speed (first column), at 200 s after ignition for moderate wind speed (second column), and at 150 s for high wind speed (third column). The first row is green phase, second row is red phase 20 % mortality (red20), third row is red phase 58 % mortality (red58), and fourth row is red phase 100 % mortality of all susceptible trees (red100). Colors on the horizontal ground plane indicate the bulk densities of the surface fuels. Live trees are green, dead trees are brown, and burned areas of the canopy are black. The orange, red, and gray isosurfaces indicate areas of hot gases.