Table 2 Comparison of linear mixed-effects models of ponderosa pine regeneration used for hypothesis testing. Each row represents a unique model. Models inside the shaded area had AAIC values >2 and were not include in model averaging. Seed Dist = distance (m) from plot location to nearest viable seed source. Elev = normalized elevation range of ponderosa pine for each fire: highest elevation = 0 and lowest = 1. TPI = topographic position index normalized for each fire normalized (0 to 1) from ridges (1) to valley bottoms (0). Aspect = deviation from NE (45°) cosine transformation and normalized (0 to 1) aspect for which SW (225°) = 1 and NE = 0. w/Fire = random effects of each fire. K = number of variables (including intercept). AIC = Akaike Information Criterion. ΔAIC = difference in AIC values of other models from “best fit” model.

From: Limits to Ponderosa Pine Regeneration following Large High-Severity Forest Fires in the United States Southwest