Fig. 6From: Historical and modern landscape forest structure in fir (Abies)-dominated mixed conifer forests in the northern Sierra Nevada, USAModel prediction of landscape variation in tree density (TPH; all trees >15.2 cm DBH) in 1923. Predictions were based on the best-fit model for tree density (Additional file 1: Table S1) using the historical dataset; predictor variables were climatic water deficit, actual evapotranspiration, 1 April snowpack, mean annual high temperature, mean annual precipitation, slope, and aspect. Predictions were only made in geographic space within the range of each of the predictor variables given the historical dataset. Predicted values were truncated at 1 TPH to exclude negative predicted values. Prediction resolution is 270 m. Study area shown in inset figure. Watershed boundaries are as in Fig. 1Back to article page