Fig. 4

Significant bivariate relationships found in the Structural Equation Model (SEM) between dNBR, fire history metrics, and mean annual precipitation residuals at the 2003 Simi and Old fires and 2008 Sesnon Fire in southern California, USA. A) burn severity in 2003; B) burn severity in 2008; C) the number of years between the previous most recent two fires as of 2004; D) the number of years between the two most recent fires as of 2015; E) the number of times a site had burned since 1878, tallied in 2004; F) the number of times a site had burned since 1878, tallied in 2015; and G) introduced species cover in 2015. r = Spearman rank correlation coefficients; P-values are from the SEM. Time between fires = time between the two most recent fires (years); dNBR = differenced Normalized Burn Ratio