Table 3 Summary of before–after (1989, 2017) trends among vegetation parameters at the Gibbons Creek Barrens Natural Area, Pope County, Illinois, USA. Significant changes (P < 0.05) are highlighted with bold capital ex (X); non-significant trends indicated with lowercase ex (x). GCB = Gibbons Creek Barrens, FSB = Forest Service Barrens

From: Do early trends in oak barrens fire treatment predict later outcomes? Insights from three decades of vegetation monitoring