Table 3 Primary emergent themes from expert interviews and Mediterranean literature review on local interactions and relationships. These themes are interpreted as enablers or barriers to fire adaptive capacity. Blank cells in the literature column indicate that no literature was found on the subject, though it was discussed in interviews. Blank cells in the interview column demonstrate that these themes were explored in the literature, but not the interviews. We additionally include the area of literature study to illustrate the precise geographies of the findings
Enablers and Barriers to Fire Adaptive Capacity: Local Interactions & Relationships | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Interview Emergent Themes | NWMed Literature | Study Area | |
Enablers | Property owners manage forests for economic and cultural reasons | (Thomas, Brunette, and Leblois 2022) | France (including Occitanie) |
Sense of belonging, history, solidarity, social ties | French Pyrenees; Atlantic Pyrenees | ||
Environmental/cultural values of landscape | (Ferrini 2002; Lambert 2010; Paletto et al. 2017; I. Otero et al. 2018) | Tuscany, Italy; French Eastern Pyrenees; Tuscany, Italy; Tordera River Basin, Catalonia | |
Volunteer fire organizations | (Rodriguez Fernández-Blanco et al. 2022; Górriz-Mifsud et al. 2019) | Catalonia, Spain | |
Generational population renewal | Tuscany, Italy; French Eastern Pyrenees | ||
Willingness to pay for fire prevention programs | (Concu, Detotto, and Vannini 2021) | Sardinia, Italy | |
Solidary reactions to hazards | None found | ||
Relationships between urban residents and forest managers | None found | ||
Influence of local champions | None found | ||
Valued role of elder residents | None found | ||
Communication networks with diverse neighbors | None found | ||
Physical places for residents to gather | None found | ||
Access to basic services (municipal lighting, waste pickup, water, adequate road conditions) | None found | ||
Existing social/cultural networks and associations | None found | ||
Trusting relationship with local administration | None found | ||
Barriers | Social Fragmentation. Conflicting land use values | (Vaccaro and Beltran 2007; López-i-Gelats et al. 2009; Christine Bouisset 2011; Laurent 2013; González-Hidalgo et al. 2014; Piédallu et al. 2016; Paletto et al. 2017) | Pallars Sobirà, Catalonia; Pallars Sobirà, Catalonia; French Eastern Pyrenees; French Mediterranean; Tarragona, Catalonia; French Pyrenees; Tuscany, Italy |
Aging or unrenewed populations (including fire volunteer organizations) | (López-i-Gelats et al. 2009; Lambert 2010; Coughlan 2014; Bouisset 2018a, b) | Pallars Sobirà, French Eastern Pyrenees; French Western Pyrenees; French Atlantic Pyrenees | |
Lack of fire awareness from newcomers | (Clément 2005; Galiana-Martin et al. 2011; Otero et al. 2013) | Mediterranean Europe; Valencia, Spain; Tordera River Basin, Catalonia | |
Blend of first and second residencies | (Galiana-Martin et al. 2011) | Valencia, Spain | |
Lack of access to basic services | None found | ||
Residents place too many demands on unequipped local administration | None found | ||