Table 5 Primary emergent themes from expert interviews and Mediterranean literature review on access to scientific and technical knowledge. These themes are interpreted as enablers or barriers to fire adaptive capacity. Blank cells in the literature column indicate that no literature was found on the subject, though it was discussed in interviews. Blank cells in the interview column demonstrate that these themes were explored in the literature, but not the interviews. We additionally include the area of literature study to illustrate the precise geographies of the findings
Enablers and Barriers to Fire Adaptive Capacity: Access to Scientific & Technical Knowledge | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Interview Emergent Themes | NWMed Literature | Literature Study Area | |
Enablers | Fire managers: source of trust and credibility, exhaustive engagement with communities | (Otero and Nielsen 2017) | Catalonia, Spain |
High level of collaboration and trust between volunteer fire management groups and technical managers | (Otero and Nielsen 2017) | Catalonia, Spain | |
Addressing risk framed as multi-level, multi-actor approach | (Tedim et al. 2016; Otero et al. 2018; Alcasena et al. 2019; Castellnou et al. 2019) | Portugal; Tordera River Basin, Catalonia; Catalonia, Spain; Catalonia, Spain | |
Resident support for contract grazing | (Varela Redondo et al. 2017) | Andalucía and Catalonia, Spain | |
Prescribed fire: (in)formal knowledge networks, positive resident perception, administrative and technical resources | (Roura-Pascual et al. 2005; San-Miguel-Ayanz et al. 2013; Fernandes 2013; Ascoli and Lonati 2014; Corona et al. 2015) | French Eastern Pyrenees; European Mediterranean; Mediterranean basin; Piedmont, Italy; Italy; | |
Technical knowledge exchange across regions and sectors | (Lambert 2010; Ribet 2013; Ascoli et al. 2009; Bovio et al. 2017; Held et al. 2018; Castellnou et al. 2019) | French Eastern Pyrenees; Italy; Italy; Catalonia, Spain | |
Fire mitigation policies tailored to regional or local level | (Aguilar and Montiel 2011) | Mediterranean Europe | |
Funding to implement local fire prevention plans | None found | ||
Positive relationships between local administrations and landowner organizations | None found | ||
Consistent communication between residents and local fire administrators/technicians (ie. awareness and education programs) | None found | ||
Motivated local fire administrations & technicians | None found | ||
Not mentioned | Democratizing fire management strategies between fire managers and local stakeholders (Otero et al. 2018; Otero et al. 2020) | Tordera River Basin, Catalonia, Spain | |
Not mentioned | Large advances in fire analysis transformed fire operations. Incorporating social and ecological values in fire management (Otero and Nielsen 2017; Castellnou et al. 2019) | Tordera River Basin, Catalonia; Catalonia, Spain | |
Barriers | Funding challenges, subsidy dependence | (Fernández-Giménez and Estaque 2012; Fernandes 2013; Castellnou et al. 2019) | Aragon Pyrenees, Spain; Mediterranean Europe; Catalonia, Spain |
Lack of awareness or bottom-up movement | Mediterranean Europe; Mediterranean Europe | ||
Administrative, legislative, political-cycle blockages to prescribed burning | (Lambert 2010; González-Hidalgo et al. 2014; Corona et al. 2015; Seijo et al. 2015; Alcasena et al. 2019) | French Eastern Pyrenees; Tarragona, Catalonia; Italy; Central Spain; Catlonia, Spain | |
Local administration lack of technical capacity for territorial planning/fire management | (Galiana-Martin et al. 2011; Darques 2015; Bovio et al. 2017; Bouisset et al. 2018a, b; Wunder et al. 2021) | Valencia, Spain; Mediterranean Basin; Italy; French Atlantic Pyrenees; Mediterranean Europe | |
Economic pressure on residents | French Eastern Pyrenees; California & French Mediterranean | ||
Professionalization sidelines local knowledge | French Mediterranean; French Eastern Pyrenees; Portugal | ||
Reactive policies and resource traps | (Castellnou et al. 2019) | Catalonia, Spain | |
Social resistance to prescribed burning | (Fernandes 2013) | Mediterranean Europe | |
Resident-Administration communication challenges | Institutionalized scientific knowledge lacking for prescribed burns: leads to legal constraints and distrust (Ascoli et al. 2009; Corona et al. 2015) | Tuscany, Italy; Italy | |