Table 2 Moisture dynamics and flammability variables of 17 common northeastern North American tree species
Species | Cluster | Time-lag (h) | SMC (%) | Flame height (cm) | Flame time (s) | Smolder time (s) | Consumption (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acer rubrum | 4 | 14 (2.3) | 380 (18.8) | 60 (4.6) | 47 (1.7) | 249 (29.0) | 84 (1.1) |
Acer saccharum | 3 | 10 (0.6) | 335 (10.5) | 65 (1.9) | 32 (2.6) | 170 (25.4) | 82 (0.6) |
Betula alleghaniensis | 4 | 18 (1.7) | 413 (17.9) | 57 (7.3) | 60 (6.2) | 294 (30.6) | 88 (0.7) |
Carya glabra | 4 | 22 (4.1) | 428 (14.9) | 59 (3.3) | 43 (6.7) | 186 (37.4) | 82 (0.8) |
Carya ovata | 3 | 9 (1.0) | 353 (9.0) | 69 (4.2) | 46 (1.8) | 114 (11.1) | 89 (0.5) |
Carya tomentosa | 4 | 16 (2.6) | 461 (22.4) | 73 (4.7) | 45 (4.5) | 158 (19.9) | 87 (0.8) |
Nyssa sylvatica | 4 | 17 (1.5) | 379 (7.4) | 59 (2.7) | 56 (6.0) | 256 (29.6) | 88 (1.6) |
Pinus echinata | 1 | 7 (0.5) | 169 (4.3) | 48 (5.4) | 120 (14.7) | 127 (17.3) | 80 (1.4) |
Pinus rigida | 1 | 8 (0.5) | 161 (8.8) | 60 (3.5) | 104 (8.8) | 172 (15.1) | 85 (1.3) |
Pinus strobus | 1 | 10 (0.4) | 219 (8.4) | 45 (2.2) | 109 (3.6) | 170 (15.8) | 66 (1.4) |
Pinus virginiana | 1 | 9 (0.5) | 229 (12.5) | 31 (1.4) | 98 (7.6) | 143 (8.6) | 67 (1.1) |
Quercus alba | 2 | 7 (0.6) | 258 (4.9) | 74 (3.4) | 43 (3.8) | 201 (18.5) | 87 (0.5) |
Quercus coccinea | 2 | 10 (1.2) | 293 (8.3) | 76 (4.7) | 38 (2.9) | 220 (20.4) | 89 (1.4) |
Quercus montana | 2 | 10 (0.9) | 269 (4.6) | 64 (2.9) | 41 (1.3) | 302 (33.3) | 90 (1.5) |
Quercus rubra | 2 | 12 (2.0) | 265 (13.1) | 68 (5.1) | 46 (2.4) | 292 (26.1) | 91 (1.3) |
Quercus velutina | 2 | 14 (2.9) | 274 (8.5) | 76 (2.2) | 61 (12.5) | 205 (28.0) | 92 (0.5) |
Tilia americana | 3 | 11 (2.5) | 300 (16.3) | 51 (4.2) | 54 (3.2) | 173 (18.5) | 81 (1.2) |