Persistent, viable seedbank buffers serotinous bishop pine over a broad fire return interval

Fire Ecology

Table 2 Model estimates (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from the analysis of cone-level seed production and tree-level cone production. Nested random effects for tree, plot, and fire year were included for the “seeds per cone” model, and nested random effects for plot and fire year were included for the “cones per tree” model. Marginal R² represents the marginal contribution of fixed effects only, whereas the conditional R² is the contribution of both fixed and random effects. Continuous fixed effects bolded where 95% CI did not overlap 0. Topographic wetness index (TWI) was not retained in the best model for either analysis

	Seeds per cone (cone-level; Gaussian)		Cones per tree (tree-level; Poisson)
Predictor	β	95% CI	β^a	95% CI
Seedling size class^b	46.04	37.95–54.13	0.93	0.61–1.42
Sapling size class^b	62.18	56.40–67.96	5.88	3.85–8.99
Small tree size class^b	n/a	n/a	11.89	7.68–18.42
Large tree size class^b	49.79	23.79–75.79	21.34	13.69–33.25
Tree density (log₁₀; ha^− 1)^c	n/a	n/a	0.66	0.54–0.83
TWI	–	–	–	–
Marginal R²	0.05		0.27
Conditional R²	0.50		0.99

^aExponentiated coefficient estimates (odds ratios)
^bAbsolute estimates shown for each size class
^cContinuous tree density variable has been standardized, and regression coefficient gives the effect of a change of 1 standard deviation