Fig. 1

A Number of studies taking place in each country. Note that some studies (n = 9) reported on research in more than one country. B Frequency of studies by wilderness area (USA only). Of the 199 studies from the USA in our sample, none documented research outside of the contiguous USA. Labels shown for the 10 wilderness areas with the most studies (Bob Marshall Wilderness, Scapegoat Wilderness, and Great Bear Wilderness were combined into “Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex”; Gila Wilderness and Aldo Leopold Wilderness were combined into “Gila / Aldo Leopold Wilderness Complex”). Note that many studies occurred in multiple wilderness areas