Fuel treatments in shrublands experiencing pinyon and juniper expansion result in trade-offs between desired vegetation and increased fire behavior

Fire Ecology

Table 2 Linear mixed models predicting the shrub, herbaceous, litter, and downed woody debris fuel loads as a function of woodland phase, fuel treatment (prescribed fire, mechanical, or untreated control), and year (years 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 10 post-treatment) from ten replicate sites across the Intermountain West, USA

	Shrub		Herbaceous		Litter		Downed wood
Source	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
Intercept	25.3	< 0.001	60.3	< 0.001	20.2	< 0.001	73.3	< 0.001
Year	0.4	0.83	47.3	< 0.001	4.4	0.001	23.2	< 0.001
Treatment	27.9	< 0.001	73.1	< 0.001	7.5	< 0.001	251.1	< 0.001
Phase	31.5	< 0.001	14.4	< 0.001	1.4	0.243	48.1	< 0.001
Year × treatment	2.2	0.02	10.4	< 0.001	1.3	0.21	9.9	< 0.001
Year × phase	0.9	0.54	0.9	0.58	0.9	0.57	2.8	0.01
Treatment × phase	5.4	< 0.001	2.3	0.06	0.3	0.87	23.3	< 0.001
Year × treatment × phase	1.1	0.32	0.4	0.99	0.3	0.99	1.1	0.36