Table 3 Relationship between nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) axis values and environmental variables for all plots (presence/absence, all strata, n = 133). Values shown are Pearson correlation coefficient “r” for continuous variables, and Kendall’s “tau” for ordinal/ranked variables. Values significant at P < 0.001 are bolded

Fire frequency

 − 0.65

0.07

 − 0.25

Time since fire

0.52

0.15

0.33

Burn severity

 − 0.73

0.11

 − 0.24

Distance from forest edge

 − 0.7

0.06

 − 0.29

Elevation

 − 0.14

0.61

0.27

Slope

0.23

 − 0.13

 − 0.10

Southwestness

 − 0.15

0.00

0.05

Total species richness

0.53

0.27

0.13

Basal area ha⁻¹

0.61

0.12

0.34

Shannon diversity, H’

0.51

0.27

0.12

Tree density ha⁻¹

0.66

0.10

0.40

Tree species richness

0.65

0.19

0.45