Camera traps link population-level activity patterns with wildfire smoke events for mammals in Eastern Washington State

Ayars, Jessalyn; Emmet, Robert L.; Bassing, Sarah B.; Sanderfoot, Olivia V.; Raby, Sierra; Karambelas, Alexandra; James, Eric P.; Ahmadov, Ravan; Gardner, Beth

doi:10.1186/s42408-023-00207-1

Fire Ecology

Table 1 Summary of results for top models plus PM_2.5, with PM_2.5 coefficient, standard error, and p-value for each species and model. One standard deviation in PM_2.5 is equivalent to 30.0 μg/m³. Ψ refers to occupancy covariates, and p refers to detection covariates for the occupancy model. camDist indicates the distance from the camera to the linear feature it was placed on, while roadDist indicates the distance from the camera to the nearest road in the WADNR roads database. Significant p-values (< 0.05) for the effect of PM_2.5 are indicated with a **, while marginally significant p-values (< 0.1) are indicated with a *. N refers to number of detections for each species in our dataset; ST indicates the number of the Supplementary table containing the parameter estimates for the model. All Poisson models include the camera site ID as a random intercept

From: Camera traps link population-level activity patterns with wildfire smoke events for mammals in Eastern Washington State

Species	Model type	Covariates	PM_2.5	SE	P-value
Bear, n = 902	Occupancy ST 1	Ψ(elev + elev²), p(day + day² + roadType + camHeight + temp + PM_2.5)	−0.057	0.039	0.142
Bear, n = 902	Poisson ST 2	day + day² + roadType + elev + elev² + PM_2.5	−0.031	0.036	0.388
Bobcat, n = 400	Occupancy ST 3	Ψ(habType + elev + roadDist + roadDist²), p(day + day² + roadType + camHeight + camHeight² + camDist + temp + temp² + PM_2.5)	−0.067	0.063	0.289
Bobcat, n = 400	Poisson ST 4	day + day² + roadType + camDist + camDist^2 + temp + temp² + habType + elev + PM_2.5	−0.138	0.075	0.066*
Cougar, n = 293	Occupancy ST 5	Ψ(habType), p(roadType + camDist + PM_2.5)	−0.043	0.066	0.519
Cougar, n = 293	Poisson ST 6	roadType + habType + PM_2.5	−0.005	0.057	0.936
Coyote, n = 1825	Occupancy ST 7	Ψ(habType + elev + elev² + roadDist + roadDist²), p(roadType + camHeight + camHeight² + PM_2.5)	0.003	0.026	0.903
Coyote, n = 1825	Poisson ST 8	day + day² + roadType + habType + elev + elev² + roadDist + PM_2.5	−0.011	0.024	0.634
Elk, n = 279	Occupancy ST 9	Ψ(habType + elev + elev²), p(camHeight + camHeight² + camDist + camDist² + temp + PM_2.5)	0.052	0.050	0.298
Elk, n = 279	Poisson ST 10	day + day² + habType + landMgmt + elev + elev² + PM_2.5	0.052	0.043	0.227
Moose, n = 584	Occupancy ST 11	Ψ(elev + elev² + roadDist), p(roadType + camHeight + camHeight² + camDist + camDist² + PM_2.5)	−0.064	0.055	0.241
Moose, n = 584	Poisson ST 12	roadType + elev + elev² + roadDist + PM_2.5	−0.119	0.059	0.043**
Mule deer, n = 2710	Poisson ST 13	day + day² + temp + temp² + PM_2.5	0.056	0.021	0.007**
White-tailed deer, n = 4019	Poisson ST 14	day + camDist + camDist² + temp + temp² + elev + elev² + PM_2.5	−0.018	0.018	0.300

Back to article page