Table 2 T₀ (number of days to initiate germination) and T₅₀ (number of days to produce 50% of the total germination) mean values (± standard errors) for the studied species after being stored at summer temperatures (50/20 °C) (Summer) or under laboratory control conditions (Control). Seeds were exposed to a heat shock before summer temperatures (or lab conditions) (HB), after summer temperatures (HA), and before + after summer temperatures (HBA). A control without heat shock was also included in the experiment (H −). Different letters show significant differences for seed germination (P < 0.05) between heat shock treatments based on pairwise comparisons with the Bonferroni correction after GLM analysis. When germination was nil, T₀ and T₅₀ could not be assessed

Cistus albidus

 H − 

6.25 ± 1.15 a

25.00 ± 4.60 a

11.75 ± 2.37 a

25.00 ± 6.91 a

 HB

9.75 ± 1.44 ab

24.00 ± 2.60 a

20.00 ± 3.09 a

31.00 ± 4.44 a

 HA

11.25 ± 1.54 ab

14.50 ± 1.75 a

19.00 ± 3.01 a

22.25 ± 3.26 a

 HBA

14.75 ± 1.77 b

17.25 ± 1.91 a

22.75 ± 3.30 a

22.50 ± 3.28 a

Cistus clusii

 H − 

8.67 ± 3.01 a

17.25 ± 3.68 a

13.00 ± 2.54 a

19.67 ± 3.12 a

 HB

7.00 ± 2.35 a

9.67 ± 3.18 a

14.25 ± 2.30 a

13.67 ± 2.60 a

 HA

9.50 ± 2.73 a

8.75 ± 2.62 a

16.50 ± 2.47 a

19.00 ± 2.65 a

 HBA

6.00 ± 2.17 a

6.75 ± 2.30 a

13.00 ± 2.20 a

19.50 ± 2.69 a

Cistus ladanifer

 H − 

3.50 ± 0.80 a

6.50 ± 1.09 a

5.50 ± 0.80 ab

15.25 ± 1.34 a

 HB

3.00 ± 0.74 a

4.25 ± 0.88 a

9.50 ± 1.05 a

10.25 ± 1.10 ab

 HA

2.25 ± 0.64 a

4.25 ± 0.88 a

5.50 ± 0.80 ab

7.25 ± 0.92 b

 HBA

3.00 ± 0.74 a

4.00 ± 0.85 a

4.50 ± 0.73 b

7.25 ± 0.92 b

Cistus laurifolius

 H − 

3.75 ± 1.11 a

26.33 ± 3.40 a

15.00 ± 1.03 a

28.00 ± 1.62 a

 HB

5.75 ± 1.38 a

7.50 ± 1.57 b

10.00 ± 0.84 b

20.25 ± 1.19 b

 HA

6.50 ± 1.46 a

7.00 ± 1.52 b

13.75 ± 0.98 ab

15.00 ± 1.03 c

 HBA

6.75 ± 1.49 a

6.75 ± 1.49 b

14.50 ± 1.01 a

16.00 ± 1.06 c

Cistus monspeliensis

 H − 

5.00 ± 1.58 a

23.00 ± 4.79 ab

10.00 ± 1.21 a

25.00 ± 2.71 ab

 HB

8.33 ± 1.67 a

32.00 ± 5.65 a

13.00 ± 1.13 ab

32.00 ± 3.06 a

 HA

11.00 ± 1.91 a

15.00 ± 2.23 ab

16.67 ± 1.28 b

20.00 ± 1.40 b

 HBA

12.00 ± 2.00 a

11.33 ± 1.94 b

23.67 ± 1.52 c

16.00 ± 1.25 b

Cistus populifolius

 H − 

21.75 ± 2.02 a

26.50 ± 2.18

 HB

9.50 ± 1.33 b

15.00 ± 2.37 a

14.25 ± 1.60 b

20.50 ± 2.71 a

 HA

12.00 ± 1.50 b

17.75 ± 1.82 a

17.00 ± 1.74 b

19.50 ± 1.87 a

 HBA

10.50 ± 1.40 b

18.25 ± 1.85 a

14.75 ± 1.62 b

18.75 ± 1.83 a

Cistus psilosepalus

 H − 

8.25 ± 0.91 ab

25.00 ± 3.17 a

17.75 ± 1.98 ab

25.00 ± 4.71 a

 HB

7.75 ± 0.88 a

19.00 ± 1.59 a

12.50 ± 1.66 a

22.33 ± 2.57 a

 HA

12.50 ± 1.12 b

12.00 ± 1.10 b

20.25 ± 2.12 ab

21.50 ± 2.18 a

 HBA

18.00 ± 2.69 c

11.75 ± 1.09 b

24.50 ± 3.29 b

19.50 ± 2.08 a

Cistus salviifolius

 H − 

7.00 ± 1.02 ab

5.00 ± 1.50 a

7.00 ± 1.29 a

5.00 ± 1.89 a

 HB

6.75 ± 0.87 a

10.50 ± 1.09 ab

10.75 ± 1.39 ab

22.75 ± 2.02 b

 HA

11.75 ± 1.15 b

13.25 ± 1.22 b

17.75 ± 1.78 b

19.75 ± 1.88 b

 HBA

9.25 ± 1.02 ab

11.25 ± 1.12 b

17.00 ± 1.75 b

18.50 ± 1.82 b

Halimium atriplicifolium

 H − 

7.00 ± 1.53 a

3.00 ± 1.00 a

11.00 ± 3.38 a

5.00 ± 2.28 a

 HB

8.50 ± 1.20 a

15.00 ± 2.25 b

18.75 ± 3.12 a

15.00 ± 3.94 ab

 HA

11.00 ± 1.36 a

9.50 ± 1.26 b

19.00 ± 3.14 a

17.25 ± 2.99 b

 HBA

6.25 ± 1.03 a

13.50 ± 1.51 b

14.25 ± 2.72 a

23.25 ± 3.47 b

Halimium halimifolium

 H − 

8.67 ± 1.79 a

13.50 ± 2.74 a

17.67 ± 4.72 a

13.50 ± 5.05 a

 HB

7.33 ± 1.65 a

6.00 ± 1.82 ab

17.67 ± 4.72 a

18.00 ± 5.83 a

 HA

6.00 ± 1.49 a

2.00 ± 0.86 b

11.00 ± 3.72 a

10.67 ± 3.67 a

 HBA

5.00 ± 1.36 a

4.00 ± 1.22 b

13.67 ± 4.15 a

12.00 ± 3.89 a

Halimium ocymoides

 H − 

12.67 ± 2.01 a

17.67 ± 2.84 a

 HB

6.50 ± 1.24 ab

30.00 ± 5.35 a

14.50 ± 2.23 a

30.00 ± 6.41 a

 HA

5.50 ± 1.14 b

6.25 ± 1.22 b

12.50 ± 2.07 a

13.00 ± 2.11 a

 HBA

6.00 ± 1.20 ab

6.25 ± 1.22 b

14.25 ± 2.21 a

11.50 ± 1.99 a

Halimium viscosum

 H − 

15.00 ± 2.57 ab

23.00 ± 6.36 a

27.00 ± 2.40 ab

23.00 ± 4.43 a

 HB

8.50 ± 1.93 a

19.50 ± 2.93 a

19.25 ± 2.02 a

29.50 ± 2.51 a

 HA

12.50 ± 2.34 ab

12.00 ± 2.30 a

21.75 ± 2.15 ab

22.50 ± 2.19 a

 HBA

23.25 ± 3.19 b

13.25 ± 2.41 a

29.75 ± 2.52 b

22.50 ± 2.19 a