Fig. 1

Four guiding principles for transdisciplinary fire research that can motivate transformative change towards coexisting with fire. Transformative change is needed to move from a research paradigm that is constrained in practice (left, dashed circle) by three factors: siloed and biased expertise, rigid decision-making institutions, and increasingly vulnerable social-ecological systems. The four guiding principles for transdisciplinary fire research, embrace complexity (Principle 1), promote diverse ways of knowing fire (Principle 2), foster transformative learning (Principle 3), and practice problem-centered research (Principle 4), offer a research paradigm (right, dashed circle) that breaks free of those constraints. Given the complexity of managing landscape fire today, Principle 1 is a core principle that enables the other three