Table 1 Description of the different flammability methods used in lab-based trials, accompanied by the authors who used these methods and whether it is employed in studies conducted in South America

Flat flame burner

Method in which the flat burner is located at the base and the sample is suspended between 20 and 30 cm from the burner. In addition, everything is enclosed by high temperature resistant glass and a hood at the top. The temperature recorded ranges from 80 to 871 °C.

(Fletcher et al. 2007; Safdari et al. 2018)

No

Analysis of pyric property

The samples are analyzed for their chemical properties, such as calorific value, volatile organic compounds, humidity, and morphology.

(Dimitrakopoulos 2001; Dibble et al. 2007; Shan et al. 2008; Cobar-Carranza et al. 2014; García et al. 2015; Ntoufas et al. 2016; Dewhirst et al. 2020; Guerrero et al. 2020; Murray et al. 2020; Radhaboy et al. 2019)

Yes

Direct ignition lighter

It consists of leaving the samples in a stainless steel tray and applying direct fire with a burner until the sample ignites.

(Fuentes-Ramirez et al. 2016; Rasooli et al. 2021)

Yes

Epiradiator 500 W

The epiradiator consists of an electrical heating resistor that reaches a standard surface temperature of 500 °C. The samples are placed on a 10-cm diameter silica disk once the electrical radiator is heated. In addition, a thermocouple (type K, range 50–1000 °C) connected to a data logger is placed 8 cm above the epiradiator disk to record flame and heat temperature during complete combustion.

(Núñez-Regueira et al. 1996; Curt et al. 2011; Bianchi and Defosse 2015; Della Rocca et al. 2015; Kauf et al. 2015; Fenesi et al. 2016; Simpson et al. 2016; Essaghi et al. 2017; Ganteaume 2018; Bianchi et al. 2019; Blackhall and Raffaele 2019; Franzese et al. 2020; Batista et al. 2021; Guerrero et al. 2021; 2022; Rosavec et al. 2022)

Yes

Fonda method

This method involves placing the sample on a stainless steel platform and placing cotton threads soaked in xylene on it, which are ignited in different parts until ignition is initiated.

(Kane et al. 2019, 2022; Barnes et al. 2022)

No

Idealized Firebrand Ignition Test (I-FIT method)

This heater consists of a 5-cm-long cylindrical radiator with an operating range of up to 260 V. It is lowered and inserted in the central part of a cylindrical stainless steel sample holder.

(Hernández et al. 2018; Reszka et al. 2020; Rivera et al. 2021)

Yes

Jaureguiberry method

The apparatus consists of a metal barrel that is oriented horizontally with a removable top half. The metal barrel is connected to a grill thermometer, a removable gas cylinder and a blowtorch. It has an initial temperature of about 150 °C and a maximum temperature of 800 °C.

(Jaureguiberry et al. 2011; Burger and Bond 2015; Calitz et al. 2015; Wyse et al. 2016; Cubino et al. 2018; Santacruz-García et al. 2019; Alam et al. 2020; Cui et al. 2020; Msweli et al. 2020; Kraaij et al. 2022; Potts et al. 2022)

Yes

Muffle furnace

The muffle furnace method consists of placing the samples in the furnace at an estimated temperature ranging from 300 to 600 °C and waiting until the samples ignite.

(Liodakis et al. 2002; Murray et al. 2013; Grootemaat et al. 2015; Mason et al. 2016; Massuque et al. 2021; Krix et al. 2022)

No