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Fire Ecology
Fig. 2 | Fire Ecology

Fig. 2

From: Historical fire regimes from red pines (Pinus resinosa Ait.) across the Tension Zone in the Lower Peninsula, Michigan USA

Fig. 2

Top: Photograph from 1938 showing denuded forest lands not restocking on Manistee National Forest in Michigan (text based on the original figure caption; source: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration), repeated fires removed a chance of tree reseeding. Note the presence of both charred and uncut trees (snags) and cut stumps. Bottom left: Sampled red pine (Pinus resinosa) remnant tree (stump), WFL120, provided a tree-ring record from 1732 to 1859 with six fire scars identified between 1802 and 1854. Bottom right: Lower portion of a living red pine tree with fire scars and charcoal. This tree regenerated during the peak of logging era. This tree was sampled by removing a partial section from the side that contained pith and all fire scars. This sample had a tree-ring record spanning the time period of 1878-2020 and five fire scars recorded between 1887 and 1921

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