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Fire Ecology
Fig. 4 | Fire Ecology

Fig. 4

From: Historical fire regimes from red pines (Pinus resinosa Ait.) across the Tension Zone in the Lower Peninsula, Michigan USA

Fig. 4

(Top) Time series plots of drought represented by the average Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Shown are the annual changes in PDSI (gray line) and changes in the longer-term average (11-yr moving average; black line). Red starts indicate the ten fire events with the highest percentages of trees scarred that were used in the superposed epoch analysis (SEA). (Bottom) Time series plots of fires per decade (FPD; black line) and the percentage of trees scarred in fire years (red line). In the background, gray shading displays the number of trees represented in the record. The period when at least 10 trees are represented and used for SEA tests of drought-fire association is represented by the line bounded by arrows. The “Wave of Fire” (Stambaugh et al. 2018) pattern in fires per decade is portrayed by the dashed line

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