Table 8 Estimates of mixed logistic models of factors affecting landowner willingness to pay for prescribed fire programs in the Mid-Atlantic region, USA, based on the survey conducted in 2021–2022 (n = 3434)

Trust

0.235***

(0.056)

0.174***

(0.058)

Perceived risk

 − 0.124***

(0.030)

 − 0.139***

(0.031)

Age category

 − 0.831***

(0.164)

 − 0.896***

(0.167)

Assistant program

1.139***

(0.353)

0.954***

(0.359)

Income category

0.206*

(0.110)

0.203*

(0.112)

Pennsylvania

0.708*

(0.403)

1.555***

(0.413)

Virginia

0.504

(0.436)

0.855*

(0.447)

Program attributes

 Price

 − 0.0182***

(0.001)

 − 0.0174***

(0.001)

 Wildlife habitat

0.182*

(0.104)

0.207*

(0.108)

 Rare vegetation

 − 0.329***

(0.105)

 − 0.349***

(0.111)

 Forest health/resilience

0.243**

(0.101)

0.239**

(0.107)

 Control invasive

0.227***

(0.088)

 Prescribed fire associations

 − 0.272***

(0.105)

 State coordination

0.317***

(0.102)

 Cost share

0.328***

(0.101)

0.333***

(0.089)

 Access to consultants

0.144*

(0.085)

0.179**

(0.089)

 Constant

2.102

(1.622)

2.201

(1.662)

 lnsig2u

2.243

(0.130)

2.201

(0.138)

 Sigma_u

3.0698

(0.199)

3.006

(0.207)

 Pseudo-R ²

0.19

0.18

 AIC

2744

2454