Figure 4

Estimated positive bias in WD mass computations, expressed on a percentage basis, when wood charring is present but not taken into account. In this example, empirically-derived values of char depth (8.2 mm), mass loss on charring (70 %), and consistency of char depth across particle sizes are used (see text). Shape of curve reflects the relationship between total cross-sectional area, which varies with the square of particle radius (πr²), and a rind of fixed width, which increases linearly with radius (2πr).