Figure 1From: Introduction: Strengthening the Foundation of Wildland Fire Effects Prediction for Research and ManagementThe focus of this Fire Ecology special issue is the relatively direct ecological effects of combustion processes and the heat and mass transfer that result. We explore knowledge gaps and process modeling of first-order fire effects on soils, trees, herbs, shrubs, and fauna. The webs of causation resulting in second-order (indirect) effects that play out on landscapes over the years following fires are often anchored in effects of the first order.Back to article page