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Table 1 Plant functional group starting (2003) and ending (2016) cover relative to fire treatments every two years. Values are the mean of the two spatial replications per treatment. Values marked with a positive sign (+) remained neutral or increased, and those with a negative sign (−) decreased..

From: Vegetation Responses to Season of Fire in Tallgrass Prairie: A 13-Year Case Study

Timing

Tallgrass

Other grass

Forbs

Legumes

Woody plants

No fire

−70 % to 20 %

−19 % to 16 %

+1 % to 10 %

+1 % to 7 %

+4 % to 67 %

Jan–Feb

+58 % to 58 %

−16 % to 4 %

−15 % to 7 %

+1 % to 1 %

+11 % to 40 %

Mar–Apr

+60 % to 60 %

−15 % to 5 %

−9 % to 5 %

+1 % to 4 %

+14 % to 51 %

May–Jun

−51 % to 43 %

−17 % to 14 %

+4 % to 16 %

−2 % to 1 %

+21 % to 41 %

Jul–Aug

−64 % to 42 %

−12 % to 6 %

+4 % to 15 %

+2 % to 2 %

+12 % to 31 %

Sep–Oct

+56 % to 62 %

−18 % to 10 %

+5 % to 19 %

−3 % to 2 %

+13 % to 12 %

Nov–Dec

+54 % to 68 %

−19 % to 4 %

+6 % to 9 %

+1 % to 4 %

+16 % to 34 %