Fire Reduces Fungal Species Richness and In Situ Mycorrhizal Colonization: A Meta-Analysis

Dove, Nicholas C.; Hart, Stephen C.

doi:10.4996/fireecology.130237746

Fire Ecology

Table 1 Data used in meta-analysis of fungal species richness response to fire, including control replicates (n _c), control mean (x _c), experimental replicates (n _e), experimental mean (x _e), the natural log of the response ratio (ln[R]), and change in richness (%).

From: Fire Reduces Fungal Species Richness and In Situ Mycorrhizal Colonization: A Meta-Analysis

Reference	Guild studied^a	Unit of measurement^b	Fire type^c	Repeat burn?	Years since fire	Biome^d	Location	n _c	x _c	n _e	x _e	ln[R]	Change in richness (%)
Barker et al. 2013	ECM	morphotyping + molecular ID	W		3	TF	British Columbia, Canada	15	8	15	6.3	−0.2389	−21.3
Barker et al. 2013	ECM	morphotyping + molecular ID	W		3	TF	British Columbia, Canada	15	8	15	4	−0.6932	−50.0
Bartoli et al. 1991	microfungi	culture morphology	W		0.01644	TF	Italy	5	21.2	5	3.2	−1.8909	−84.9
Buscardo et al. 2010	ECM^†	morphotyping + molecular ID	W		5	TF	Portugal	12	2.5	12	3.1	0.2119	23.6
	ECM^†	morphotyping + molecular ID	W	2 consecutive	5	TF	Portugal	12	2.5	12	2.6	0.0276	2.8
	ECM^†	morphotyping + molecular ID	W	2 consecutive	5	TF	Portugal	12	2.5	12	2.2	−0.1188	−11.2
	ECM^†	morphotyping + molecular ID	W		5	TF	Portugal	11	2.6	11	1.9	−0.3032	−26.2
	ECM^†	morphotyping + molecular ID	W	2 consecutive	5	TF	Portugal	11	2.6	11	2	−0.2624	−23.1
	ECM^†	morphotyping + molecular ID	W	2 consecutive	5	TF	Portugal	11	2.6	11	1.6	−0.4608	−36.9
Dahlberg et al. 2001	ECM	morphotyping + molecular ID	P		0.3	BF	Sweden	5	1.4	5	0.9	−0.5272	−41.0
Dahlberg et al. 2001	ECM	morphotyping + molecular ID	P		0.3	BF	Sweden	5	2	5	0	NA	NA
Eom et al. 1999	AM (spore)	spore morphology	P		1	TG	Kansas, USA	4	5.3	4	3.8	−0.3365	−28.6
Glassman et al. 2015	ECM^†	morphotyping + molecular ID	W		1	TF	California, USA	25	30.5	25	20	−0.4220	−34.4
Goberna et al. 2012	All fungi	DGGE	P		0.00274	TG	Spain	10	23.53	10	26.55	0.1208	12.8
Grishkan 2016	microfungi	culture morphology	W		1.5	TF	Israel	3	36	3	23	−0.4480	−36.1
Grishkan 2016	microfungi	culture morphology	W		0.5	TF	Israel	3	30	3	20	−0.4055	−33.3
Hernández-Rodríguez et al. 2013	All fungi	sporocarp survey	W		1	TG	Spain	6	22.1	6	6.1	−1.2827	−72.3
Holden et al. 2013	All fungi	NGS	W		0	BF	Alaska, USA	2	122.3	2	121.2	−0.0090	−0.90
	All fungi	NGS	W		6	BF	Alaska, USA	2	122.3	2	142.1	0.1501	16.2
	All fungi	NGS	W		11	BF	Alaska, USA	2	122.3	2	134.4	0.0943	9.9
	All fungi	NGS	W		23	BF	Alaska, USA	2	122.3	2	117.6	−0.0392	−3.8
	All fungi	NGS	W		54	BF	Alaska, USA	2	122.3	2	108.2	−0.1225	−11.5
	All fungi	NGS	W		90	BF	Alaska, USA	2	122.3	2	99.8	−0.2033	−18.4
Jonsson et al. 1999	ECM	morphotyping + molecular ID	W		62	BF	Sweden	2	22.5	2	20	−0.1178	−11.1
Junninen et al. 2008	WIF	sporocarp survey	P		1	BF	Finland	3	18.42	3	18.68	0.0140	1.4
Kipfer et al. 2011	ECM	morphotyping + molecular ID	W		3.5	TF	Switzerland	5	21.2	5	11.6	−0.6030	−45.3
Kipfer et al. 2011	ECM	morphotyping + molecular ID	W		15.5	TF	Switzerland	7	21.2	7	19.5	−0.0836	−8.0
Kurth et al. 2013	WIF	NGS	W		4	TF	Arizona, USA	6	3.5	6	1.8	−0.6621	−48.4
	WIF	NGS	W		9	TF	Arizona, USA	6	3.7	6	4.3	0.1526	16.5
	WIF	NGS	W		13	TF	Arizona, USA	6	4.8	6	4.5	−0.0728	−7.0
	WIF	NGS	W		25	TF	Arizona, USA	6	2.7	6	5.3	0.6782	97.0
	WIF	NGS	W		32	TF	Arizona, USA	6	3.8	6	3.8	0.0000	0.0
Longo et al. 2014	AM (spore)	spore morphology	W		0.5	TF	Argentina	10	7.5	10	4.6	−0.4850	−38.4
	AM (spore)	spore morphology	W		0.5	TF	Argentina	10	7.7	10	4.1	−0.6477	−47.7
	AM (spore)	spore morphology	W		0.5	TF	Argentina	10	6.9	10	4.3	−0.4723	−37.7
	AM (spore)	spore morphology	W		0.5	TF	Argentina	10	8.4	10	4.9	−0.5371	−41.6
	AM (spore)	spore morphology	W		0.5	TF	Argentina	10	7.7	10	4.8	−0.4883	−38.6
Mardji 2014	ECM	sporocarp survey	W	2 consecutive	14	TrF	India	4	8.75	4	3.25	−0.9904	−62.9
Martín-Pinto et al. 2006	All fungi	sporocarp survey	W		1	TF	Spain	3	22.1	3	8.8	−0.9257	−60.4
	All fungi	sporocarp survey	W		1	TF	Spain	3	16.9	3	6.3	−0.9799	−62.5
	All fungi	sporocarp survey	W		1	TS	Spain	3	26	3	11.7	−0.7978	−55.0
	All fungi	sporocarp survey	W		1	TS	Spain	3	26.1	3	3.8	−1.9158	−85.3
Motiejūnaitė et al. 2014	All fungi	sporocarp survey	W		1	TF	Lithuania	3	71.2	3	23.9	−1.0930	−66.5
Motiejūnaitė et al. 2014	All fungi	sporocarp survey	W		1	TF	Lithuania	3	70.7	3	42.2	−0.5161	−40.3
Oliver et al. 2015	All fungi	NGS	P	every 2 yr (winter)	3	TF	Georgia, USA	4	668	4	656.5	−0.0174	−1.7
	All fungi	NGS	P	every 3 yr (winter)	3	TF	Georgia, USA	4	668	4	680.5	0.0185	1.9
	All fungi	NGS	P	every 3 yr (summer)	7	TF	Georgia, USA	4	668	4	659.75	−0.0124	−1.2
	All fungi	NGS	P	every 6 yr (summer)	10	TF	Georgia, USA	4	668	4	687.5	0.0288	2.9
Olsson and Jonsson 2010	WIF	sporocarp survey	P		1	BF	Sweden	150	2.0	150	1.2	−0.5008	−39.4
Rincón et al. 2014	ECM	morphotyping + molecular ID	W		14	TF	Spain	3	11.9	3	10.0	−0.1796	−16.4
Rincón et al. 2014	ECM	morphotyping + molecular ID	W		3	TF	Spain	3	11.9	3	9.0	−0.2832	−24.7
Robinson et al. 2008	All fungi	sporocarp survey	W		1	TF	Australia	4	39.41	4	27.94	−0.3440	−29.1
Román and Miguel 2005	ECM	hyphal morphotype	P		1	TF	Spain	5	6	5	5.2	−0.1431	−13.3
Smith et al. 2004	ECM	morphotyping + molecular ID	P		1	TF	Oregon, USA	4	10.3	4	10	−0.0247	−2.4
Smith et al. 2004	ECM	morphotyping + molecular ID	P		1	TF	Oregon, USA	4	9.5	4	1.8	−1.6917	−81.6
Sun et al. 2015	All fungi	NGS	W		2	BF	Finland	10	121.5	10	181.3	0.4002	49.2
	All fungi	NGS	W		42	BF	Finland	10	121.5	10	143.9	0.1692	18.4
	All fungi	NGS	W		60	BF	Finland	10	121.5	10	129	0.0599	6.2
	All fungi	NGS	W		60	BF	Finland	10	121.5	10	130.8	0.0738	7.7
Trappe et al. 2009	ECM	sporocarp survey	P		3	TF	Oregon, USA	8	69	8	55	−0.2268	−20.3
	ECM	sporocarp survey	P		3	TF	Oregon, USA	4	69	4	81	0.1603	17.4
	ECM	sporocarp survey	P		3	TF	Oregon, USA	4	69	4	81	0.1603	17.4
Trusty 2009	ECM	morphotyping + molecular ID	W		5	TF	Montana, USA	3	2.17	3	1.58	−0.3173	−27.2
Tuininga and Dighton 2004	ECM	hyphal morphotype	P	every 4 yr	0.3	TF	New Jersey, USA	3	9.4	3	9.1	−0.0389	−3.8
Tuininga and Dighton 2004	ECM	hyphal morphotype	P	every 8 yr	0.3	TF	New Jersey, USA	3	10.6	3	8.6	−0.2164	−19.5
Xiang et al. 2015	AM	NGS	W		1	BF	China	6	74.34	6	8.68	−0.5919	−44.7
	AM	NGS	W		1	BF	China	6	74.34	6	12.84	−0.7641	−53.4
	AM	NGS	W		11	BF	China	6	74.34	6	15.09	−0.1392	−13.0
	AM	NGS	W		11	BF	China	6	74.34	6	15.85	−0.4945	−39.0

^a AM = arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; ECM = ectomycorrhizal fungi; WIF = wood-inhabiting fungi
^b NGS = next-generation sequencing; DGGE = denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
^c P = prescribed fire; W = wildfire
^d TF = temperate forest; BF = boreal forest; TG = temperate grassland; TS = temperate shrubland; TrF = tropical forest
^† Fire-resistant propagules (e.g., spores, residual hyphae)

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